Steyr 14M22

     Notes: The 14M22 is a 4x4 medium cargo truck used by Austria, Greece, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Switzerland, and was introduced in 1990.  The cargo body has drop sides and is covered with canvas over a frame.  A 5000-kg capacity winch may be mounted at the front or rear.  These vehicles may be configured as cargo carriers, tankers, ambulances, fire trucks, or shelter carriers. 

Price

Fuel Type

Load

Veh Wt

Crew

Mnt

Night Vision

Radiological

$9,017

D, A

5 tons

8.5 tons

2+18

5

Headlights

Open

 

Tr Mov

Com Mov

Fuel Cap

Fuel Cons

Config

Susp

Armor

152/62

38/16

150

81

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

 

Steyr 680

     Notes: The 680 M is an older Steyr truck still in use by many countries, including Austria, Greece, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Switzerland.  It is of standard format and cabover construction.  The all-steel cab has an observation hatch in the roof over the commander’s position that may or may not be fitted with a light weapon mount.  The rear cargo area has removable bows, a tarpaulin top, a drop tailgate, and folding bench seats. There is also a tanker truck variant. 

     The 680 M3 is a development of the 680 M listed above.  Though load carrying capacity is lightened, the 680 M3 performs much better off-road, with an independent 6x6 suspension for all wheels.  However, there is a high degree of parts commonality with the 680 M.  Another addition is the 4.5-ton capacity winch in the front of the vehicle, with 90 meters of cable.  The troop seats in the rear have been moved to the center of the vehicle for a better firing position.  There are more variants available, including a cargo/troop carrier, dump truck, and tanker.  Only Austrian and Greek armies use the M3 version.

Vehicle

Price

Fuel Type

Load

Veh Wt

Crew

Mnt

Night Vision

Radiological

680 M

$8,498

D, A

6.5 tons

5.83 tons

2+20

4

Headlights

Open

680 M3

$8,802

D, A

5.5 tons

6.5 tons

2+16

4

Headlights

Open

 

Vehicle

Tr Mov

Com Mov

Fuel Cap

Fuel Cons

Config

Susp

Armor

680 M

130/52

33/13

160

48

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

680 M3

140/56

35/14

180

60

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

 

Steyr 480

     Notes: This is a civilian medium truck with modifications to make it suitable to military use, such as an open cargo bay (with canvas cover), starter switch instead of a key, slave receptacle, etc.  The rear cargo area has two rows of seats for a total of 20 troops, but an extra row can be added to the center to allow seats for 28 troops.  The 480 has quite poor cross country performance, but a strengthened version known as the Steyr 580g is much better in this regard. 

Vehicle

Price

Fuel Type

Load

Veh Wt

Crew

Mnt

Night Vision

Radiological

Steyr 480

$8,432

D, A

3 tons

3.85 tons

2+28

4

Headlights

Open

Steyr 580g

$9,916

D, A

3 tons

4.25 tons

2+28

4

Headlights

Open

 

Vehicle

Tr Mov

Com Mov

Fuel Cap

Fuel Cons

Config

Susp

Armor

Steyr 480

130/26

33/7

100

34

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Steyr 580g

120/48

30/12

100

34

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

 

Steyr Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle

     Notes: These are a family of 4x4 and 6x6 medium-duty trucks with enhanced off-road capability.  They were manufactured by Steyr-Daimler-Puch from 1971 to 2000, and then BAE in Britain took over manufacturing and parts responsibility, though they are still operating under a license.  Denel in South Africa examined whether to obtain a production license for manufacture of the Pinzgauers in that country, but later decided not to obtain this license. (South Africa would have been manufacturing a modified V-hull version of the Pinzgauers.)  The Pinzgauer is regarded as one of the most capable off-road vehicles in the world, and are used by civilians as well as military concerns.  The HMATV is increasingly becoming the military utility of choice in the world, replacing the Land Rover Defender in that category.

 

First Generation

    These vehicles are noted by their boxy construction with a wedge-shaped nose.  The Model 710 4x4 and Model 712 6x6 are, as stated above, excellent performers off-road, despite being slightly handicapped by relatively anemic engines.  They also have gasoline engines high-efficiency super/turbochargers which allow them to operate properly at high altitude, hot conditions, and high humidity, and dual carburetors.  The central tube chassis gives the vehicles a low center of gravity, and the wheels have independent suspension (a revolution in off-road design in the late 1960s when the vehicles were designed).  The rear axles also have locking differentials, and the other axles are portal axles

     The First Generation HMATVs have large, high-visibility windshields and short noses with the engine under the cab.  As stated above, the engine was a little anemic in power at 87 horsepower, but this is partially offset by the HMATV’s light weight.  Both the 710 and 712 have the ability to tow up to 5 tons on road or 1.5 tons (4x4) or 1.8 tons (6x6) off-road, and in some smaller countries, are used as artillery or mortar tractors for light pieces.  This towing ability is due to the high torque the engine, transmission, and suspension are capable of producing.

     The Model 710 comes in five versions: the 710M soft-top with rear passenger seats, the 710T flatbed cargo carrier, the 710K 5-door hard-top truck with passenger seats (popular with civilians), the 710AMB-Y hard-top ambulance with rear door, and the 710AMB-S ambulance, the same as the AMB-Y, but with an air conditioner, a 2kW generator, and a tent shelter to expand the workspace in the rear and able to be packed onto the rear roof of the vehicle, making the ambulance into an aid station.

     The Model 712 comes in the same versions as the 710 above with the exception of the AMB-Y, and also comes in a 712FW fire truck version, a 712K 4-door hard top with air conditioner (again, popular with civilians), and the 712W workshop/utility truck version with an air conditioner and 2kW APU.  This version has a tent assembly similar to that of the AMB-S model.  The Model 712FW has additional blast shield “armor” and has heat-resistant tires and self-sealing fuel tanks.  It has air conditioning, interior fans, and a refrigerator with cold packs. The “armament” is a roof-mounted high-pressure spray nozzle and three 200-meter hoses, along with a 400-liter water tank and a 50-liter foam tank.

 

Second Generation

     In 1980, work began on an updated HMATV, often referred to as the HMATV II or simply Pinzgauer II (or 2).  They come in the same versions as the First Generation vehicles, with the 4x4 model being the 716, and the 6x6 model being the 718.  Most features of the vehicle are the same, but updated; likewise, the body style is for the most part the same as the First Generation vehicles.  The engine was the biggest change, being replaced with a Volkswagen TurboDiesel D24T with 101 horsepower.  The transmission of the First Generation was manual, the Second Generation has a standard automatic suspension with an optional manual transmission. The track is slightly wider, and the tires somewhat larger.  The Second Generation has all-wheel power disc brakes.

     In 1990, the engine was replaced with a version with an intercooler (not important in game performance terms, but very important in the game to parts-hunters).  In 2002, the engine was replaced again with a Volkswagen TDI engine, and the horsepower increased to 118.  (The increase in power was not the actual reason for the engine change – BAE needed the HMATV to comply with new Euro3 emissions requirements.  This was one of the engines that led to the Volkswagen Emissions Scandal in 2015.)

 

Special Use Pinzgauers

     The Model 716 and 718 also come in some additional variants by request of specific customers. 

     The 718MV-SO is designed for special operations forces and has several weapon mounts, including for ATGM, guided rockets, and has the ability to carry large amounts of ammunition as cargo.  The engine is much more powerful at 162 horsepower. The MV-SO is longer and lower than a standard 718,and is topped with a large roll cage on which Kevlar curtains or camouflage nets (or both) may be rolled. The MV-SO is noted for its use by US Army Delta, who uses a collection of non-standard vehicles.  The form-fitting camouflage nets that cover them have antiradar and IR-absorbing properties and give the vehicle Stealth 1 and IRCM 1.

     The command and control version (718MV-C) varies in setup depending on its role, but it has as a minimum 1 SATCOM, 2 long range, one medium range, and one short range radios, all data-capable, secure, and frequency-hopping.  It also will have as a minimum 2 laptop computers and an ability to operate in an intranet, and will have a BMS capability. Some limited MIJI, laser, and radar jamming  capability is provided, not as good as a soft-kill APS, but it does automatically launch up to 4 smoke or prismatic aerosol decoy smoke automatically.  This vehicle has a 149 hp engine.  It has air conditioning with NBC filters, a 70-liter chilled water tank, and NBC Overpressure. Due to it’s radar-jamming capability and radio jamming ability, the vehicle has ECM 2 and Radio Jamming 3.

     The 716MV-S is a mobile electronic communications platform with the further ability to repair radios and electronic equipment. It has a tent which may be extended to the rear to increase workspace, and has air conditioning.  It has several data-capable extra radios and a small computer with technical information, along with a plethora of spare parts.  It is powered by a 138-horsepower engine.

     The 718MV-GS versions are for the most part cargo trucks, but with hard bodies and a roof hatch above the commander for a medium or light machinegun.  It is often used as an artillery tractor or ammo hauler. Engine power is 138 horsepower.

     The 718MV-A is a well-appointed ambulance, essentially a mobile aid station in which surgery can also be performed, and has a hard body with a roof hatch above the commander’s position for observation only. Engine power is 149 horsepower. The vehicle’s interior is lined with Kevlar boards that increase AV. As with most such vehicles, it has an NBC-Filtered air conditioner, but it also has a 3kW generator.

     New Zealand’s HMATVs have a much more powerful 149 horsepower engine that allow, amongst other things, greater mobility and greater cargo capacity.

 

The Vector

     The Pinzgauer 2 Vector is a fully-armored version of the Model 718K used briefly by British forces in Afghanistan.  It is also called the PPV (Protected Patrol Vehicle, or sometimes Vector PPV) The British wanted an inexpensive, armored cargo and troop carrier for patrols in Afghanistan. It’s armor is meant to be light and adequate for the Vector’s purpose, which was essentially a job similar to the up-armored trucks used in Vietnam and Iraq. Unfortunately, it’s armor was nothing to write home, unless you wanted to tell your loved ones how many holes are in your Vector after the last firefight. It did have a reinforced floor, but not enough to really mitigate IED blasts. The Vector has a full cabover design, though the cab crew is behind the front wheels; the cabover design makes it shorter than the standard Pinzgauer. The vehicle has light steel external armor, along with internal Kevlar plates.  It was able to carry a decent cargo load, but room for troops was rather limited. In the center of the cargo bay is an overhead match with a weapon pintle mount; this can be replaced with heavier weapons. In addition, there are two firing ports on each side of the Vector as well as one in each rear door. The Vector was designed around the idea of an 8-hour patrol/convoy escort; it was not designed for speed, but for fuel economy, and the 109-horsepower engine shows this thinking. The Vector can also be used as a field ambulance; in this role, it is essentially a mobile aid station/emergency room. Some of the British Vectors were also configured as command and control vehicles, and some as EW vehicles. The Vector has run-flat puncture-resistant tires, Towing is reduced to 4 tons on or off-road.  Under the front bumper of the Vector is a detection and jamming emitter for extra protection against IEDs detonated by radio or magnetics.  The Vector has air conditioning.

 

The Mantis

     The Pinzgauer 2 Mantis is a new version of the Model 716, fitted with a turbodiesel engine developing 194 horsepower.  A ride in this monster off-road must be jarring!  It can carry much more cargo, or 14 troops in crash-resistant seats, or two standard NATO pallets.  It has enhanced suspension and is usually fitted with add-on armor panels.  The Mantis has a true hooded design rather than the wedge-nose of other Pinzgauers; this means that the bed is shorter, but that the height of the vehicle is shorter.  It borrows from aspects of the MRAP designs, as the driver and commander’s seats are behind the front wheels so if a mine takes out the front wheels, it will probably not hurt them as much; it also crash-resistant suspended seats.  The Mantis has a lower roofline than other Pinzgauers and can be loaded inside a CH-47 or CH-53 helicopter.  The Mantis has been tested as an artillery tractor for the M777 light howitzer by the US Marines. The Mantis has air conditioning.

Vehicle

Price

Fuel Type

Load

Veh Wt

Crew

Mnt

Night Vision

Radiological

Model 710M

$23,059

G, A

1.5 tons

1.95 tons

2+10

4

Headlights

Open

Model 710T

$22,509

G, A

1.65 tons

1.15 tons

2

4

Headlights

Open

Model 710K

$23,090

G, A

1.25 tons

2.1 tons

2+10

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 710AMB-Y

$29,539

G, A

370 kg

2.16 tons

3 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 3 Sitting or 6 Sitting

5

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 710AMB-S

$30,809

G, A

370 kg

2.36 tons

3 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 3 Sitting or 6 Sitting

6

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 712M

$23,492

G, A

1.8 tons

2.35 tons

2+12

4

Headlights

Open

Model 712T

$23,292

G, A

1.98 tons

1.88 tons

2

4

Headlights

Open

Model 712K

$23,525

G, A

1.5 tons

2.54 tons

2+12

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 712AMB-S

$31,006

G, A

421 kg

2.86 tons

4 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 4 Sitting or 6 Sitting

5

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 712FW

$344,864

G, A

239 kg

3.62 tons

5

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 712W

$44,034

G, A

289 kg

2.98 tons

3

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716M (101 hp)

$24,134

D, A

3.31 tons

3.2 tons

2+14

4

Headlights

Open

Model 716T (101 hp)

$22,734

D, A

3.86 tons

2.56 tons

2

4

Headlights

Open

Model 716K (101 hp)

$24,376

D, A

3.04 tons

3.46 tons

2+14

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716AMB-S (101 hp)

$31,870

D, A

754 kg

3.89 tons

4 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 4 Sitting or 7 Sitting

5

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716W (101 hp)

$44,595

D, A

300 kg

4.04 tons

3

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718M (101 hp)

$24,316

D, A

3.88 tons

3.86 tons

2+16

4

Headlights

Open

Model 718T (101 hp)

$24,316

D, A

4.14 tons

3.09 tons

2

4

Headlights

Open

Model 718K (101 hp)

$24,560

D, A

3.55 tons

4.17 tons

2+16

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718AMB-S (101 hp)

$54,326

D, A

814 kg

4.28 tons

4 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 5 Sitting or 8 Sitting

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718W (101 hp)

$53,509

D, A

274 kg

4.57 tons

3

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716M (118 hp)

$24,198

D, A

4.15 tons

3.2 tons

2+14

4

Headlights

Open

Model 716T (118 hp)

$22,798

D, A

4.43 tons

2.56 tons

2

4

Headlights

Open

Model 716K (118 hp)

$24,624

D, A

3.9 tons

3.46 tons

2+14

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716AMB-S (118 hp)

$58,621

D, A

1.04 tons

3.89 tons

4 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 4 Sitting or 7 Sitting

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716W (118 hp)

$53,788

D, A

490 kg

4.04 tons

3

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718M (118 hp)

$24,468

D, A

4.26 tons

3.86 tons

2+16

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718T (118 hp)

$24,468

D, A

4.42 tons

3.09 tons

2

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718K (118 hp)

$24,683

D, A

4.18 tons

4.17 tons

2+16

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718AMB-S (118 hp)

$58,762

D, A

1.15 tons

4.28 tons

4 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 5 Sitting or 8 Sitting

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718W

$54,607

D, A

504 kg

4.57 tons

3

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716MV-SO

$406,397

D, A

2.41 tons

4.96 tons

2+5

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718MV-C

$814,811

D, A

381 kg

5.54 tons

2+5

8

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716MV-S

$95,483

D, A

599 kg

4.32 tons

3

8

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718MV-GS

$44,216

D, A

4.24 tons

4.22 tons

3

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718MV-A

$61,304

D, A

2.08 tons

4.75 tons

4 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 5 Sitting or 8 Sitting

8

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716M-NZ

$25,736

D, A

3.48 tons

3.2 tons

2+14

4

Headlights

Open

Model 716T-NZ

$22,913

D, A

4.71 tons

2.56 tons

2

4

Headlights

Open

Model 716K-NZ

$25,829

D, A

3.15 tons

3.46 tons

2+14

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716AMB-S-NZ

$58,069

D, A

1.15 tons

3.89 tons

4 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 4 Sitting or 7 Sitting

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716W-NZ

$53,805

D, A

472 kg

4.04 tons

3

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718M-NZ

$25,895

D, A

3.63 tons

3.86 tons

2+16

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718T-NZ

$23,037

D, A

4.07 tons

3.09 tons

2

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 716K-NZ

$25,957

D, A

3,53 tons

3.46 tons

2+16

4

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718AMB-S-NZ

$58,681

D, A

1.29 tons

4.28 tons

4 Stretchers or 2 Stretchers and 5 Sitting or 8 Sitting

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Model 718W-NZ

$54,555

D, A

565 kg

4.57 tons

3

7

Headlights

Enclosed

Vector

$88,189

D, A

1.6 tons

4.4 tons

3+4

4

Headlights

Shielded

Mantis

$32,832

D, A

4.5 tons

3.96 tons

2+14

4

Headlights

Enclosed

 

Vehicle

Tr Mov

Com Mov

Fuel Cap

Fuel Cons

Config

Susp

Armor

Model 710M

310/157

87/43

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 710T

503/254

140/70

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1*

Model 710K

291/146

81/40

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 710AMB-Y

283/143

79/40

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 710AMB-S

262/132

73/37

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 712M

263/133

73/37

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 712T

320/162

89/45

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1*

Model 712K

243/123

68/34

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 712AMB-S

222/112

62/31

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 712FW

182/93

51/26

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(4)

HF2  HS2  HR2

Model 712W

214/108

60/30

75, 125, or 140

48

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716M (101 hp)

229/115

63/32

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716T (101 hp)

278/140

77/39

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1*

Model 716K (101 hp)

214/108

60/30

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716AMB-S (101 hp)

195/98

54/27

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716W

189/95

52/26

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718M

195/98

54/27

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718T

235/118

65/33

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1*

Model 718K

183/92

51/26

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718AMB-S (101 hp)

179/90

50/25

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718W (101 hp)

170/86

48/24

125 or 145

37

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716M (118 hp)

260/132

73/37

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716T (118 hp)

271/136

75/38

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1*

Model 716K (118 hp)

245/124

68/34

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716AMB-S (118 hp)

222/112

61/31

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716W (118 hp)

214/108

60/30

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718M (118 hp)

223/113

62/31

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718T (118 hp)

271/136

75/38

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1*

Model 718K (118 hp)

209/106

58/30

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718AMB-S (118 hp)

183/92

51/26

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718W

179/90

50/25

125 or 145

44

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718MV-SO

238/120

65/34

145

60

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718MV-C

220/111

62/25

145

55

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716MV-S

232/117

64/33

145

51

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718MV-GS

252/127

70/35

125 or 145

55

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1**

Model 718MV-A

228/115

63/32

125 or 145

55

Stnd

W(3)

HF2  HS2  HR2

Model 716M-NZ

323/162

90/45

145

55

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716T-NZ

395/199

110/55

145

55

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1*

Model 716K-NZ

301/152

83/42

145

55

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716AMB-S-NZ

271/137

75/38

145

55

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 716W-NZ

262/132

73/37

145

55

Stnd

W(2)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718M-NZ

301/152

83/42

145

55

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718T-NZ

306/155

84/43

145

55

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1*

Model 718T-NZ

273/138

75/38

145

55

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718AMB-S-NZ

250/126

69/35

145

55

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Model 718W-NZ

240/121

66/34

145

55

Stnd

W(3)

HF1  HS1  HR1

Vector

186/94

52/26

145

40

Stnd

W(4)

HF3  HS3  HR3***

Mantis

315/159

88/44

145

67

Stnd

W(3)

HF2  HS2  HR2*

 

Vehicle

Fire Control

Stabilization

Armament

Ammunition

Model 718MV-SO

+2 (GL or ATGM Only)

Basic

M240, Mk19 or Javelin ATGM Launcher; 2xAT-4 Rocket Launchers

2000x7.62mm; 300x40mm or 6xJavelin Missiles

Model 718MV-C

None

None

MAG (or other) (G)

1000x7.62mm

Model 718MV-GS

None

None

MAG (or other) (G)

2000x7.62mm

Vector

None

None

MAG (or other) (G)

5000x7.62mm

*This has a flatbed-type cargo rear area.  This area has little more than cargo fences (if anything), and has AV0 from all directions except for fire originating from the front and the underside, where the bed has AV1.

** Floor AV is 2

***Floor AV is 4.